Academic procrastination among online students. Validation of a questionnaire
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32870/Ap.v11n2.1673Keywords:
Academic procrastination, university courses, online learningAbstract
The objective of this study was to validate a questionnaire based on the Academic Procrastination Scale (EPA), consisting of 16 items, to which six more were added related to internet interactions during the development of academic activities. The research was quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional; using a questionnaire with a Likert-type scale it was applied to 746 students from all the undergraduate education programs who study online courses at a public university in Tabasco, Mexico. The statistical analysis revealed that in the context of the study, the bifactorial structure of EPA (academic self-regulation and procrastination) was confirmed, nine items of the EPA scale were discarded and five procrasting and internet items, which were designed for research, were validated.
References
Alegre, Alberto. (2013). Autoeficacia y procrastinación académica en estudiantes universitarios de Lima Metropolitana. Propósitos y Representaciones, 1(2), 57-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20511/pyr2013.v1n2.29
Álvarez Blas, Óscar Ricardo. (2010). Procrastinación general y académica en una muestra de estudiantes de secundaria de Lima Metropolitana. Persona, (13), 159-177. Recuperado de: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1471/147118212009.pdf
Balkis, Murat & Duru, Erding. (2007). The evaluation of the major characteristics and aspects of the procrastination in the framework of psychological counseling and guidance. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 7(1), 376-385. Recuperado de: https://www.academia.edu/1456305/The_Evaluation_of_the_Major_Characteristics_and_Aspects_of_the_Procrastination_in_the_Framework_of_Psychological_Counseling_and_Guidance
Barraza, Arturo y Barraza, Salvador. (2018). Evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de la escala de procrastinación académica en una población estudiantil mexicana. Revista de Psicología y Ciencias del Comportamiento de la Unidad Académica de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, 9(1), 75-99. Recuperado de: http://www.revistapcc.uat.edu.mx/index.php/RPC/article/view/206
Busko, Deborah. (1998). Causes and consequences of perfectionism and procrastination; a structural equation model (tesis de maestría inédita). University of Guelph, Guelph Ontario, Canadá. Recuperada de: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.456.4450&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Byrne, Barbara. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Clariana, Mercé. (2013). Personalidad, procrastinación y conducta deshonesta en alumnado de distintos grados universitarios. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 11(2), 451-472. http://dx.doi.org/10.14204/ejrep.30.13030
Clariana, Mercé; Cladellas, Ramón; Gotzens Busquets, Concepción; Badia Martín, María del Mar & Dezcallar, T. (2014). Typology of extracurricular activities and academic procrastination in primary education students. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 12(2), 419-446. Recuperado de: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1039287
Clariana, Mercé; Gotzens, Busquets, Concepción & Badia Martín, María del Mar. (2011). Continuous assessment in a large group of psychology undergraduates. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 9(1), 95-112. Recuperado de: http://repositorio.ual.es/handle/10835/848
Clariana, Mercé; Gotzens Busquets, Concepción; Badia Martín, María del Mar & Cladellas, Ramón. (2012). Procrastination and cheating from secondary school to university. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 10(2), 737-754. Recuperado de: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=293123547011
Chun Chu, Angela & Choi, Jin. (2005). Rethinking procrastination: Positive effects of “active” procrastination behavior on attitudes and performance. The Journal of Social Psychology, 145(3), 245–264. Recuperado de: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7783283_Rethinking_Procrastination_Positive_Effects_of_Active_Procrastination_Behavior_on_Attitudes_and_Performance
Condori Huanca, Yuli y Mamani Coaquira, Karla. (2016). Adicción al Facebook y procrastinación académica en estudiantes de la Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura de la Universidad Peruana Unión (tesis de grado de Psicología). Universidad Peruana Unión, Juliaca, Perú.
Dewitte, Siegfried & Schouwenburg, Henri. (2002). Procrastination, temptations, and incentives: The struggle between the present and the future in procrastinators and the punctual. European Journal of Personality, (16), 469-489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.461
Domínguez Lara, Sergio Alexis. (2016). Datos normativos de la escala de procrastinación académica en estudiantes de psicología de Lima. Evaluar, 16, 20-30. Recuperado de: https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/revaluar/article/viewFile/15715/15506
Domínguez Lara, Sergio Alexis; Villegas García, Graciela y Centeno Leyva, Sharon Brigitte. (2014). Procrastinación académica: validación de una escala en una muestra de estudiantes de una universidad privada. Liberabit. Revista de Psicología, 20(2), 293-304. Recuperado de: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=68632617010
Domínguez Lara, Sergio Alexis y Campos Uscanga, Yolanda. (2017). Influencia de la satisfacción con los estudios sobre la procrastinación académica en estudiantes de psicología: un estudio preliminar. Liberabit, 23(1), 123-135. Recuperado de: http://ojs3.revistaliberabit.com/index.php/Liberabit/article/view/50/50
Ferrari, Joseph R.; O'Callahan, Jean & Newbegin, Ian. (2004). Prevalence of procrastination in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia: Arousal and avoidance delays among adults. North American Journal of Psychology, 6, 1-6. Recuperado de: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2005-03779-001
Ferrari, Joseph R.; Parker, James & Ware, Carolyn. (1992). Academic procrastination: Personality correlates with Myers Briggs types, self-efficacy and academic locus of control. Jour¬nal of Social Behavior and Personality, 7, 595-602. Recuperado de: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232553014_Academic_procrastination_Personality_correlates_with_Myers-Briggs_Types_self-efficacy_and_academic_locus_of_control
Ferrari, Joseph R. & Emmons, Robert. A. (1995). Methods of procrastination and their relation to self-control and self-reinforcement: An exploratory study. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 10(1), 135-142. Recuperado de: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276295216_Methods_of_Procrastination_and_their_Relation_to_Self-Control_and_Self-Reinforcement_An_Exploratory_Study
Furlan, Luis; Piemontesi, Daniel Esteban; Illbeli, Sebastián Eduardo y Sánchez Rosas, Javier. (2010). Adaptación de la escala de procrastinación de Tuckman para estudiantes universitarios. Trabajo presentado en el II Congreso Internacional de Investigación y Práctica Profesional en Psicología XVII. Jornadas de Investigación. Sexto Encuentro de Investigadores en Psicología del Mercosur. Facultad de Psicología-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires. Recuperado de: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266737323_Adaptacion_de_la_escala_de_procrastinacion_de_Tuckman
García del Castillo, José María; Terol, María del Carmen; Nieto, Maximiliano; Lledó, Ana; Sánchez, Salvador; Martín-Aragón, Maite y Sitges, Esther. (2008). El uso y abuso de Internet en jóvenes universitarios. Adicciones, 20(2), 131-142. Recuperado de: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=289122057005
Garzón Umerenkova, Angélica y Gil Flores, Javier. (2017). Gestión del tiempo y procrastinación en la educación superior. Universitas Psychologica, 16(3), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy16-3.gtpe
Howell, Andrew & Watson, David. (2007). Procrastination: Associations with achievement goal orientation and learning strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, (43), 167-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.11.017
Hsin Chun Chu, Angela & Nam, Jin. (2005). Rethinking procrastination: Positive effects of active procrastination behavior on attitudes and performance. The Journal of Social Psychology, 3(145), 245-264. Recuperado de: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c1b1/f754fd7b9e285529943d8657341413c1c7cf.pdf
Jackson, Todd; Weiss, Karen; Lundquist, Jesse & Hooper, Denise. (2003). The impact of hope, procrastination and social activity on academic performance of midwestern collegue stu-dents. Education, 124(2), 1-18. Recuperado de: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291771296_The_impact_of_hope_procrastination_and_social_activity_on_academic_performance_of_midwestern_college_student
Kolawole, Mojed; Tella, Adedeji & Tella, Adeyinka. (2007). Correlates of academic procrastination and mathematics achievement of university undergraduate students. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 3(4), 363-370. Recuperado de: http://www.ejmste.com/Correlates-of-Academic-Procrastination-nand-Mathematics-Achievement-of-nUniversity-Undergraduate-Students,75415,0,2.html
Lam-Figueroa, Nelly; Contreras-Pulache, Hans; Mori-Quispe, Elizabeth; Nizama-Valladolid, Martín; Gutiérrez, César; Hinostroza-Camposano, Williams; Torrejón Reyes, Erasmo; Hinostroza-Camposano, Richard; Coaquira-Condori, Elizabeth e Hinostroza-Camposano, David. (2011). Adicción a internet: desarrollo y validación de un instrumento en escolares adolescentes de Lima, Perú. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública, 35(4), 462-469. Recuperado de: http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1726-46342011000300009
Navarro-Mancilla, Álvaro Andrés y Rueda-Jaimes, Germán. (2007). Adicción a internet: revisión crítica de la literatura. Revista Colombina de Psiquiatría, 36(4), 690-700. Recuperado de: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S0034-74502007000400008&script=sci_abstract&tlng=es
Pardo Bolívar, Diana; Perilla Ballesteros, Luisa y Salinas Ramírez, Cristhian. (2014). Relación entre procrastinación académica y ansiedad-rasgo en estudiantes de Psicología. Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos de Psicología, 14(1), 1-44. Recuperado de: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/5493101.pdf
Parra Sierra, Víctor; Vargas Martínez, José Ignacio; Zamorano González, Benito; Peña Cárdenas, Fabiola; Velázquez Narváez, Yolanda; Ruiz Ramos, Lucía y Monreal Aranda, Óscar. (2016). Adicción y factores determinantes en el uso problemático del internet, en una muestra de jóvenes universitarios. EDUTEC, Revista Electrónica de Tecnología Educativa, (56), 60-73. Recuperado de: http://www.edutec.es/revista/index.php/edutec-e/article/view/741
Pittman, T.; Tykocinski, O.; Sandman-Keinan, R. & Matthews, P. (2007). When bonuses backfire: An inaction inertia analysis of procrastination induced by a missed oppor¬tunity. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 21(2), 139-150.
Quant, Diana y Sánchez, Angélica. (2012). Procrastinación, procrastinación académica: concepto e implicaciones. Revista Vanguardia Psicológica, 3(1), 45-59.
Ramos-Galarza, Carlos; Jadán-Guerrero, Janio; Paredes-Núñez, Lorena; Bolaños-Pasquel, Mónica y Gómez-García, Antonio. (2017). Procrastinación, adicción al internet y rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios ecuatorianos. Estudios Pedagógicos, (3), 275-289.
Rice, K. G.; Richardson, C. M. E. & Clark, D. (2012). Perfectionism, procrastination, and psychological distress. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(2), 288-302.
Rodríguez, A. y Clariana, M. (2017). Procrastinación en estudiantes universitarios: su relación con la edad y el curso académico. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 26(1), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v26n1.53572
Rosário, Pedro; Costa, Marta; Núñez, José; González-Pineda, Julio; Solano, Paula y Valle, Antonio. (2009). Academic procrastination: Associations with personal, school and family variables. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 12(1), 118-127.
Rothblum, Esther. (1986). Affective, cognitive, and behavioral differences between high and low procrastinators. Journal of Counseling Psicology, (33), 387-394.
Rothblum, Esther. (1990). Fear of failure: The psicodynamic need archievement fear of success and procrastination models. Handbook of social and evaluation anxiety. Nueva York: Leitenbreg.
Ruiz-Olivares, R; Lucena, V.; Pino, J. y Herruzo, J. (2010). Análisis de comportamientos relacionados con el uso/abuso de internet, teléfono móvil, compras y juego en estudiantes universitarios. Adicciones, 22(4), 301-310.
Sánchez-Carbonell, Xavier; Beranuy, Martha; Castellana, Monserrat; Chamarro, Ander y Oberst, Ursula. (2008). La adicción a internet y al móvil: ¿moda o trastorno? Adicciones, 20(2), 149-160.
Schouwenburg, Henri C. (2004). Procrastination in academic settings. General introduction, en H. C. Schouwenburg, C. H. Lay, T. A. Pychyl & J. R. Ferrari. (eds.), Counseling the procrastinator in academic settings (p. 250). Washington D. C.: American Psychological Association.
Schouwenburg, Henri C., y Groenewoud, Jan T. (2001). Study motivation under social temptation: Effects of trait procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(2), 229-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00034-9
Sirois, F. M.; Melia-Gordon, M. L. & Pychyl, T. A. (2003). “I’ll look after my health later”: An investigation of procrastination and health. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 1167-1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00326-4
Solomon, L. J. & Rothblum, E. D. (1984). Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 503-509. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.31.4.503
Sommer, L. (2011). The theory of planned behaviour and the impact of past behaviour. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 70(1), 91-110.
Stainton, M., Lay, C. & Flett, G. (2000). Trait procrastinators and behavior/trait-specific cognitions. Journal of Social Behaviour and Personality, 15(5), 297-312.
Steel, Piers. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, (33), 65-94. Recuperado de: http://www.scirp.org/pdf/CE_2013071909532939.pdf
Steel, Piers. (2011). Procrastinación. Colombia: Editorial Grijalbo.
Spada, M.; Hiou, K. & Nikcevic, A. (2006). Metacognitions, emotions, and procrastination. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 20(3), 319-326.
Takács, I. (2005). The influence of the changing educational system on student behaviour. Procrastination: symptom or? Periodica Polytechnica, 13(1), 77-85.
Tice, Dianne & Baumeister, R. (1997). Longitudinal study of procrastination, performance, stress and health: The costs and benefits of dawdling. Psychological Science, 8(6), 454-458.
Tuckman, B. W. (1990). Group versus goal-setting effects on the self-regulated performance of students differing in self-eficacy. Journal of Experimental Education, 58, 291-298.
Viñas Ponch, Ferrani; Ferrer, Jaime; Villar Hoz, Esperanza; Caparros Caparros, Beatriz; Pérez, I. y Cornella, M. (2002). Internet y psicopatología: las nuevas formas de comunicación y su relación con diferentes índices de psicopatología. Clínica y Salud, 13(3), 235-256.
Williams, J.; Stark, S. & Fost, E. (2008). The relationships among selfcompassion, motivation, and procrastination. American Journal of Psychological Research, 4(1), 37-44.
Published
Issue
Section
License
The copyright belongs to the authors of the text. In case the manuscript is accepted for publication, the Sistema de Universidad Virtual of the Universidad de Guadalajara (UDGVirtual) is authorized to modify the text in the correction of style, translate, fix, disseminate, reproduce, publish and market with this. Likewise, the Universidad de Guadalajara is authorized to carry out the above described jointly or through possible third parties. (See the detailed authorization in the copyright letter.)
The authors guarantee to Apertura the right to be the first means of publication of the work. The reproduction of the texts published in the Apertura is authorized, in whole or in part, as long as it is non-profit, the source is cited and the content or design is not modified. Authors may exclusively distribute the final editorial or postprint version in any medium and at any time.
Apertura, its editors and UDGVirtual dissociate themselves from the information provided by collaborators or advertisers. The articles of the contributors do not necessarily represent the point of view of the publisher or UDGVirtual and the content of the advertisements are the sole responsibility of the contractors.
Apertura is registered in the National Institute of Copyright with the ISSN number: 1665-6180 (printed version) and e-ISSN 2007-1094 (electronic version), and with the Certificate of Reservation of Rights to the Exclusive Use of the Title: 04 -2005-120212472000-102.
It is also certified by the Qualifying Commission for Illustrated Publications and Journals of the Ministry of the Interior with the Licensed Certificates of Title number: 13449; and Content Legality: 11022.